Search results
Search for "hybrid material" in Full Text gives 10 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles
- Periklis X. Kolagkis,
- Eirini M. Galathri and
- Christoforos G. Kokotos
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36
- of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Scheme 15) [101][102]. This organic–inorganic hybrid material was synthesized by the immobilization of the dodecatungstovanadophosphoric acid (HPA) on TPI-Fe3O4 with N-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]isonicotinamide (TPI), acting as the linker for the heterogeneous catalyst, while
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Examples of BIMs used for their medicinal properties.
Scheme 2: Mechanisms for the synthesis of BIMs using protic or Lewis acids as catalysts.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using DBDMH.
Scheme 4: Competition experiments and synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using DBDMH.
Scheme 5: Proposed mechanism for formation of BIM of using DBDMH.
Scheme 6: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using I2.
Scheme 7: General reaction mechanism upon halogen bonding.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using I2, introduced by Ji.
Scheme 9: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using Br2 in CH3CN.
Scheme 10: Βidentate halogen-bond donors.
Scheme 11: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using bidentate halogen-bond donor 26.
Scheme 12: Proposed reaction mechanism.
Scheme 13: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using iodoalkyne as catalyst.
Scheme 14: Proposed reaction mechanism.
Scheme 15: Optimized reaction conditions used by Ramshini.
Scheme 16: Activation of the carbonyl group by HPA/TPI-Fe3O4.
Scheme 17: Synthesis of BIMs in the presence of nanoAg-Pt/SiO2-doped silicate.
Scheme 18: Mechanism of action proposed by Khalafi-Nezhad et al.
Scheme 19: Activation of the carbonyl group by the Cu–isatin Schiff base complex.
Scheme 20: Optimum reaction conditions published by Jain.
Scheme 21: Organocatalytic protocol utilizing nanoparticles introduced by Bankar.
Scheme 22: Activation of the carbonyl group by the AlCl3·6H2O-SDS-SiO2 complex.
Scheme 23: Optimal reaction conditions for the aforementioned nano-Fe3O4 based catalysts.
Scheme 24: Nanocatalytic protocol proposed by Kaur et al.
Scheme 25: Microwave approach introduced by Yuan.
Scheme 26: Microwave approach introduced by Zahran et al.
Scheme 27: Microwave irradiation protocol introduced by Bindu.
Scheme 28: Silica-supported microwave irradiation protocol.
Scheme 29: Proposed mechanism for formation of BIM by Nongkhlaw.
Scheme 30: Microwave-assisted synthesis of BIMs catalyzed by succinic acid.
Scheme 31: Proposed mechanism of action of MMO-4.
Scheme 32: Catalytic approach introduced by Muhammadpoor-Baltork et al.
Scheme 33: Reaction conditions used by Xiao-Ming.
Scheme 34: Ultrasonic irradiation-based protocol published by Saeednia.
Scheme 35: Pyruvic acid-mediated synthesis of BIMs proposed by Thopate.
Scheme 36: Synthesis of BIMs using [bmim]BF4 or [bmim]PF6 ionic liquids.
Scheme 37: Synthesis of BIMs utilizing In(OTf)3 in octylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as ionic liquid.
Scheme 38: FeCl3·6H2O-catalyzed synthesis of BIMs with use of ionic liquid.
Scheme 39: Synthesis of BIMs utilizing the [hmim]HSO4/EtOH catalytic system.
Scheme 40: Synthesis of BIMs utilizing acidic ionic liquid immobilized on silica gel (ILIS-SO2Cl).
Scheme 41: The [bmim][MeSO4]-catalyzed reaction of indole with various aldehydes.
Scheme 42: The role of [bmim][MeSO4] in catalyzing the reaction of indole with aldehydes.
Scheme 43: Synthesis of BIMs utilizing FeCl3-based ionic liquid ([BTBAC]Cl-FeCl3) as catalyst.
Scheme 44: Synthesis of BIMs using [Msim]Cl at room temperature.
Scheme 45: [Et3NH][H2PO4]-catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.
Scheme 46: PILs-catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.
Scheme 47: FSILs-mediated synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes.
Scheme 48: Possible “release and catch” catalytic process.
Scheme 49: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by [DABCO-H][HSO4].
Scheme 50: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by [(THA)(SO4)].
Scheme 51: Synthesis of BBSI-Cl and BBSI-HSO4.
Scheme 52: Synthesis of BIMs in the presence of BBSI-Cl and BBSI-HSO4.
Scheme 53: Chemoselectivity of the present method.
Scheme 54: Synthesis of BIMs catalyzed by chitosan-supported ionic liquid.
Scheme 55: Proposed mechanism of action of CSIL.
Scheme 56: Optimization of the reaction in DESs.
Scheme 57: Synthesis of BIMs using ChCl/SnCl2 as DES.
Scheme 58: Synthesis of BIMs derivatives in presence of DES.
Scheme 59: BIMs synthesis in choline chloride/urea (CC/U).
Scheme 60: Flow chemistry-based synthesis of BIMs by Ley.
Scheme 61: Flow chemistry-based synthesis of BIMs proposed by Nam et al.
Scheme 62: Amino-catalyzed reaction of indole with propionaldehyde.
Scheme 63: Aminocatalytic synthesis of BIMs.
Scheme 64: Proposed mechanism for the aminocatalytic synthesis of BIMs.
Scheme 65: Enzymatic reaction of indole with aldehydes.
Scheme 66: Proposed mechanism for the synthesis of BIMs catalyzed by TLIM.
Scheme 67: Proposed reaction mechanism by Badsara.
Scheme 68: Mechanism proposed by D’Auria.
Scheme 69: Photoinduced thiourea catalysis.
Scheme 70: Proposed mechanism of photoacid activation.
Scheme 71: Proposed mechanism of action for CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 72: Proposed mechanism for the synthesis of BIMs by Mandawad.
Scheme 73: Proposed mechanism for the (a) acid generation and (b) synthesis of BIMs.
Scheme 74: a) Reaction conditions employed by Khaksar and b) activation of the carbonyl group by HFIP.
Scheme 75: Activation of the carbonyl group by the PPy@CH2Br through the formation of a halogen bond.
Scheme 76: Reaction conditions utilized by Mhaldar et al.
Scheme 77: a) Reaction conditions employed by López and b) activation of the carbonyl group by thiourea.
Scheme 78: Infrared irradiation approach introduced by Luna-Mora and his research group.
Scheme 79: Synthesis of BIMs with the use of the Fe–Zn BMOF.
Insight into functionalized-macrocycles-guided supramolecular photocatalysis
- Minzan Zuo,
- Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
- Kaiya Wang,
- Xueqi Tian and
- Xiao-Yu Hu
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 139–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.15
- physical barrier in photocatalytic reactions. To address this issue, Chen and co-workers prepared a TiO2–AuNCs@β-CD-based hybrid material on TiO2 and β-CD-protected AuNCs, which can potentially be used for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye (Figure 8) [28]. Upon UV-light irradiation
- , this hybrid material rapidly degraded MO (≈98%) within 10 min, whereas freshly prepared TiO2 reached a value of ≈47%. This may be due to the synergic effect of β-CD and the AuNCs, which relies on two aspects: i) the host–guest interaction between β-CD and MO could lead to the Au cores being directly
- and photocatalysis [33][34][35]. Su and co-workers reported a hybrid material based on a calixarene-modified dye and TiO2 (HO-TPA–TiO2) [36]. The calixarene could combine with TiO2, providing efficient electron transfer between them (Figure 11). The TPA–TiO2 system exhibits an efficient H2 evolution
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Chemical structures of representative macrocycles.
Figure 2: Ba2+-induced intermolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition of crown ether-functionalized substrates 1 a...
Figure 3: Energy transfer system constructed of a BODIPY–zinc porphyrin–crown ether triad assembly bound to a...
Figure 4: The sensitizer 5 was prepared by a flavin–zinc(II)–cyclen complex for the photooxidation of benzyl ...
Figure 5: Enantiodifferentiating Z–E photoisomerization of cyclooctene sensitized by a chiral sensitizer as t...
Figure 6: Structures of the modified CDs as chiral sensitizing hosts. Adapted with permission from [24], Copyrigh...
Figure 7: Supramolecular 1:1 and 2:2 complexations of AC with the cationic β-CD derivatives 16–21 and subsequ...
Figure 8: Construction of the TiO2–AuNCs@β-CD photocatalyst. Republished with permission of The Royal Society...
Figure 9: Visible-light-driven conversion of benzyl alcohol to H2 and a vicinal diol or to H2 and benzaldehyd...
Figure 10: (a) Structures of CDs, (b) CoPyS, and (c) EY. Republished with permission of The Royal Society of C...
Figure 11: Conversion of CO2 to CO by ReP/HO-TPA–TiO2. Republished with permission of The Royal Society of Che...
Figure 12: Thiacalix[4]arene-protected TiO2 clusters for H2 evolution. Reprinted with permission from [37], Copyri...
Figure 13: 4-Methoxycalix[7]arene film-based TiO2 photocatalytic system. Reprinted from [38], Materials Today Chem...
Figure 14: (a) Photodimerization of 6-methylcoumarin (22). (b) Catalytic cycle for the photodimerization of 22...
Figure 15: Formation of a supramolecular PDI–CB[7] complex and structures of monomers and the chain transfer a...
Figure 16: Ternary self-assembled system for photocatalytic H2 evolution (a) and structure of 27 (b). Figure 16 reprodu...
Figure 17: Structures of COP-1, CMP-1, and their substrate S-1 and S-2.
Figure 18: Supramolecular self-assembly of the light-harvesting system formed by WP5, β-CAR, and Chl-b. Reprod...
Figure 19: Photocyclodimerization of AC based on WP5 and WP6.
Graphitic carbon nitride prepared from urea as a photocatalyst for visible-light carbon dioxide reduction with the aid of a mononuclear ruthenium(II) complex
- Kazuhiko Maeda,
- Daehyeon An,
- Ryo Kuriki,
- Daling Lu and
- Osamu Ishitani
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1806–1812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.153
- phase. Keywords: artificial photosynthesis; heterogeneous photocatalysis; hybrid material; metal complexes; solar fuels; Introduction Carbon nitride is one of the oldest synthetic polymers [1], and has several allotropes. Among them, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is the most stable form and is an
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of g-C3N4 by thermal heating of urea and application to photocatalytic CO2 reduction with...
Figure 1: XRD patterns of g-C3N4 synthesized at different temperatures. A broad peak at around 22 degree, ind...
Figure 2: FTIR spectra of g-C3N4 synthesized at different temperatures. Each spectrum was acquired by a KBr m...
Figure 3: TEM images of g-C3N4 synthesized at different temperatures.
Figure 4: UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra of g-C3N4 synthesized at different temperatures.
Figure 5: A typical TEM image of Ag-loaded g-C3N4. The synthesis temperature of g-C3N4 was 873 K in this case....
Phosphonic acid: preparation and applications
- Charlotte M. Sevrain,
- Mathieu Berchel,
- Hélène Couthon and
- Paul-Alain Jaffrès
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2186–2213, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.219
- crystalline hybrid material [85]. The coordination properties of phosphonic acid were also applied to design tetraazamacrocyclic compounds functionalized with phosphonic acid pendant arms. As an example, ((1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid, DOTP, compound
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Summary of the synthetic routes to prepare phosphonic acids detailed in this review. The numbers in...
Figure 2: Chemical structure of dialkyl phosphonate, phosphonic acid and illustration of the simplest phospho...
Figure 3: Illustration of some phosphonic acid exhibiting bioactive properties. A) Phosphonic acids for biome...
Figure 4: Illustration of the use of phosphonic acids for their coordination properties and their ability to ...
Figure 5: Hydrolysis of dialkyl phosphonate to phosphonic acid under acidic conditions.
Figure 6: Examples of phosphonic acids prepared by hydrolysis of dialkylphosphonate with HCl 35% at reflux (16...
Figure 7: A) and B) Observation of P–C bond breaking during the hydrolysis of phosphonate with concentrated H...
Figure 8: Mechanism of the hydrolysis of dialkyl phosphonate with HCl in water.
Figure 9: Hydrolysis of bis-tert-butyl phosphonate 28 into phosphonic acid 29 [137].
Figure 10: A) Hydrolysis of diphenyl phosphonate into phosphonic acid in acidic media. B) Examples of phosphon...
Figure 11: Suggested mechanism occurring for the first step of the hydrolysis of diphenyl phosphonate into pho...
Figure 12: A) Hydrogenolysis of dibenzyl phosphonate to phosphonic acid. B) Compounds 33, 34 and 35 were prepa...
Figure 13: A) Preparation of phosphonic acid from diphenyl phosphonate with the Adam’s catalyst. B) Compounds ...
Figure 14: Suggested mechanism for the preparation of phosphonic acid from dialkyl phosphonate using bromotrim...
Figure 15: A) Reaction of the phosphonate-thiophosphonate 37 with iodotrimethylsilane followed by methanolysis...
Figure 16: Synthesis of hydroxymethylenebisphosphonic acid by reaction of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite with ...
Figure 17: Synthesis of the phosphonic acid disodium salt 48 by reaction of mono-hydrolysed phosphonate 47 wit...
Figure 18: Phosphonic acid synthesized by the sequence 1) bromotrimethylsilane 2) methanolysis or hydrolysis. ...
Figure 19: Polyphosphonic acids and macromolecular compounds prepared by the hydrolysis of dialkyl phosphonate...
Figure 20: Examples of organometallic complexes functionalized with phosphonic acids that were prepared by the...
Figure 21: Side reaction observed during the hydrolysis of methacrylate monomer functionalized with phosphonic...
Figure 22: Influence of the reaction time during the hydrolysis of compound 76.
Figure 23: Dealkylation of dialkyl phosphonates with boron tribromide.
Figure 24: Dealkylation of diethylphosphonate 81 with TMS-OTf.
Figure 25: Synthesis of substituted phenylphosphonic acid 85 from the phenyldichlorophosphine 83.
Figure 26: Hydrolysis of substituted phenyldichlorophosphine oxide 86 under basic conditions.
Figure 27: A) Illustration of the synthesis of chiral phosphonic acids from phosphonodiamides. B) Examples of ...
Figure 28: A) Illustration of the synthesis of the phosphonic acid 98 from phosphonodiamide 97. B) Use of cycl...
Figure 29: Synthesis of tris(phosphonophenyl)phosphine 109.
Figure 30: Moedritzer–Irani reaction starting from A) primary amine or B) secondary amine. C) Examples of phos...
Figure 31: Phosphonic acid-functionalized polymers prepared by Moedritzer–Irani reaction.
Figure 32: Reaction of phosphorous acid with imine in the absence of solvent.
Figure 33: A) Reaction of phosphorous acid with nitrile and examples of aminomethylene bis-phosphonic acids. B...
Figure 34: Reaction of carboxylic acid with phosphorous acid and examples of compounds prepared by this way.
Figure 35: Synthesis of phosphonic acid by oxidation of phosphinic acid (also identified as phosphonous acid).
Figure 36: Selection of reaction conditions to prepare phosphonic acids from phosphinic acids.
Figure 37: Synthesis of phosphonic acid from carboxylic acid and white phosphorus.
Figure 38: Synthesis of benzylphosphonic acid 136 from benzaldehyde and red phosphorus.
Figure 39: Synthesis of graphene phosphonic acid 137 from graphite and red phosphorus.
Block copolymers from ionic liquids for the preparation of thin carbonaceous shells
- Sadaf Hanif,
- Bernd Oschmann,
- Dmitri Spetter,
- Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,
- Wolfgang Tremel and
- Rudolf Zentel
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1693–1701, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.163
- treatment at 650 °C of the hybrid material enables the conversion of the polymer shell into a carbon shell. The required block copolymers containing the carbonizable block and the anchoring block, which can bind onto the nanoparticle surface, was synthesized by RAFT polymerization as described in Figure 1b
- alcohol, which was used as a solvent for the synthesis. As a rough estimate for the weight loss of the coordinated polymer only the weight loss above 240 °C is considered to 20%. For the carbonization process the hybrid material was pyrolyzed in argon atmosphere and heated up to 650 °C. The application of
- addition, a macroscopic color change of the hybrid material can be observed. As-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles coated with the block copolymer looks brown due to the bound catechol. However, the color turns black after the pyrolysis (Figure 4d) indicating the presence of carbon material. This was proven by
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: (a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis route of carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles. (Left) in si...
Figure 2: a) Size-exclusion chromatography of P1A (blue), P2A (black) and P3A (red) and b) size-exclusion chr...
Figure 3: 1H NMR spectrum of P1, P2 and P3, all measured in DMSO-d6. In blue the spectrum of the PIL block is...
Figure 4: a) TGA measurement of the particles coated with block copolymer and particles coated with carbon, m...
Figure 5: PXRD pattern of carbon-coated TiO2 particles.
Figure 6: TEM images of the carbon coated TiO2 nanoparticles.
Energy down converting organic fluorophore functionalized mesoporous silica hybrids for monolith-coated light emitting diodes
- Markus Börgardts and
- Thomas J. J. Müller
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 768–778, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.76
- concentrations were reacted with free silanol groups displayed on the surface of MCM-41 furnishing hybrid materials with different dye loadings in a μmol·g−1 range. The amount of dye incorporated into the hybrid material was estimated by UV–vis spectroscopic analysis according to our previous report [24]. The
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of the triethoxysilyl-functionalized dye precursors 8, 9, and 10.
Figure 1: Absorption (a) and emission (b) spectra of perylene 9, benzofurazane 10, and Nile red precursors 8 ...
Figure 2: CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram (2° observer) with the CIE chromaticity coordinates of th...
Figure 3: Number of molecules per 100 nm² and quantum yields of 8@MCM in relation to the loading of hybrid ma...
Figure 4: Solid-state fluorescence quantum yields Φf of grafted hybrid materials in relation to the calculate...
Figure 5: CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram (2° observer) with the color space accessible by mixing t...
Figure 6: a) Suspensions of the dye-functionalized silica hybrid materials 8@MCM-3, 9@MCM-3, and 10@MCM-6 as ...
Figure 7: a) Excitation and b) emission spectra of the single dye-functionalized hybrid materials 8@MCM-2, 9@...
Figure 8: Emission spectra of blend [8@MCM-2 + 9@MCM-3 + 10@MCM-6]-1 at different excitation wavelengths (2nd...
Figure 9: Coating of the a) conventional diode setup and b) surface-mounted device (SMD) (left: prior to the ...
Figure 10: Pictures of the coated LEDs in compact device set-up (SMD) and conventional diode design (LED).
Figure 11: CIE chromaticity coordinates of the coated LEDs in compact device set-up (SMD) and conventional dio...
Recent advances in metathesis-derived polymers containing transition metals in the side chain
- Ileana Dragutan,
- Valerian Dragutan,
- Bogdan C. Simionescu,
- Albert Demonceau and
- Helmut Fischer
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2747–2762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.296
- between the metal and the organic polymer backbone and/or side chains is crucial for ensuring the desired properties for the hybrid material [68]. Indeed, when appraising luminescence of a series of polynorbornenes attaching various homoleptic bi- or trinuclear lanthanide salen complexes (with La, Nd, Yb
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of homopolymers containing ferrocenyl and tetraethylene glycol groups.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of redox-robust triazolylbiferrocenyl polymers 4.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of cobaltocenium-containing polymers by ROMP.
Scheme 4: Cobaltocenium-appending copolymers by the ROMP approach (X = PF6, Y = BPh4 or Cl).
Scheme 5: Cobalt-containing polymers by click and ROMP approach.
Scheme 6: Synthesis of new cobalt-integrating block copolymers.
Scheme 7: Two alternative routes for the synthesis of redox-active cobalticenium-tethered polyelectrolytes.
Scheme 8: Oxanorbornene monomers for the synthesis of Ru-containing polymers by ROMP.
Scheme 9: ROMP synthesis of Ru-containing homopolymers.
Scheme 10: Synthesis of diblock copolymers incorporating ruthenium.
Scheme 11: Synthesis of Ru triblock copolymers.
Scheme 12: Synthesis of cross-linked Ru-containing triblock copolymers.
Scheme 13: Synthesis of Ir-containing homopolymers by ROMP.
Scheme 14: Monomers for Ir- and Os-containing ROMP polymers.
Scheme 15: ROMP block copolymers integrating Ir in their side chains.
Scheme 16: Synthesis of Rh-containing block copolymers.
Scheme 17: Access to rhodocenium-containing metallopolymers by ROMP.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of homopolymers equipped with Cu coordination centers.
Scheme 19: Synthesis of Cu-containing copolymers (spacer = –(CH2)5–; >C=O).
Scheme 20: Synthesis of polynorbornene bearing a polyoxometalate (POM) cluster in the side chain.
Scheme 21: Synthesis of Eu-containing copolymers by a ROMP-based route.
Spin state switching in iron coordination compounds
- Philipp Gütlich,
- Ana B. Gaspar and
- Yann Garcia
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 342–391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.39
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Change of electron distribution between HS and LS states of an octahedral iron(II) coordination com...
Figure 2: Types of spin transition curves in terms of the molar fraction of HS molecules, γHS(T), as a functi...
Figure 3: Single crystal UV–vis spectra of the spin crossover compound [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 (ptz = 1-propyltetraz...
Figure 4: Thermal spin crossover in [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 (ptz = 1-propyltetrazole) recorded at three different te...
Figure 5: (a) Mössbauer spectra of the LS compound [Fe(phen)3]X2 recorded over the temperature range 300–5 K....
Figure 6: (left) Demonstration of light-induced spin state trapping (LIESST) in [Fe(ptz)6]BF4)2 with 57Fe Mös...
Figure 7: Schematic representation of the pressure influence (p2 > p1) on the LS and HS potential wells of an...
Figure 8: χMT versus T curves at different pressures for [Fe(phen)2(NCS)2], polymorph II. (Reproduced with pe...
Figure 9: Molecular structure (a) and γHS(T) curves at different pressures for [CrI2(depe)2] (b) (Reproduced ...
Figure 10: HS molar fraction γHS versusT at different pressures for [Fe(phy)2](BF4)2. The hysteresis loop broa...
Figure 11: Proposed structure of the polymeric [Fe(4R-1,2,4-triazole)3]2+ spin crossover cation (a) and plot o...
Figure 12: Temperature dependence of the HS fraction γHS(T), determined from Mössbauer spectra of [Fe(II)xZn1-x...
Figure 13: Influence of the noncoordinated anion on the spin transition curve γHS(T) near the transition tempe...
Figure 14: Spin transition curves γHS(T) for different solvates of the SCO complexes. [Fe(II)(2-pic)3]Cl2·Solv...
Figure 15: ST curves γHS(T) of the deuterated solvates of [Fe(II)(2-pic)3]Cl2·Solv with Solv = C2D5OH and C2H5...
Figure 16: Sketch of the two-step spin transition; [LS–LS] pair is diamagnetic, [LS–HS] is paramagnetic and th...
Figure 17: (left) Temperature dependence of χMT for {[Fe(L)(NCX)2]2bpym}(L = bpym or bt and X = S or Se). (rig...
Figure 18: Temperature dependence of χMT for [bpym, NCS−] (left) and [bpym, NCSe−] (right) at different pressu...
Figure 19: 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of [bpym, NCSe−] measured at 4.2 K at zero field (a) and at 5 T (b) (see tex...
Figure 20: Temperature dependence of χMT for [Fe2(L)3](ClO4)4·2H2O showing a complete two-step spin conversion...
Figure 21: (a) View of the dinuclear unit in the crystal structure of [Fe2(Hsaltrz)5(NCS)4]·4MeOH. (b) Tempera...
Figure 22: (left) AFM pattern recorded in tapping mode at room temperature on hexagonal single crystals of [Fe3...
Figure 23: (right) Stepwise SCO in an Fe4 [2 × 2] grid, which reveals a smooth magnetic profile under ambient ...
Figure 24: (left) View of the discrete nanoball made of Fe(II) SCO units as well as Cu(I) building blocks. (ri...
Figure 25:
(left) Linear dependency between T1/2 in the heating (Δ) and cooling (![[Graphic 1]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-9-39-i3.png?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
) modes versus the anion volu...
Figure 26: (left) View of the linear chain structure of [Fe(1,2-bis(tetrazol-1-yl)propane)3]2+ along the a axi...
Figure 27: (left) View of the 2D layered structure of [Fe(btr)2(NCS)2]·H2O (at 293 K). The water molecules (in...
Figure 28: (left) Three interpenetrated square networks for [Fe(bpb)2(NCS)2]·MeOH. (right) χMT versus T plot s...
Figure 29: Part of the crystal structure of [Fe{N(entz)3}](BF4)2 (T = 293 K) [335,336]. (Reproduced with permission fro...
Figure 30: (left) Projection of the crystal structure of [Fe(btr)3](ClO4)2 along the c axis revealing a 3D str...
Figure 31: Size-dependent SCO properties in [Fe(pz)Pt(CN)4] (left), change of color upon spin state transition...
Figure 32: Schematic showing the epitaxial growth of polymer {Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)4]} and the spin transition propert...
Figure 33: Microcontact printing (μCP) of nanodots on Si-wafer of [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 after deposition of crystal...
Figure 34: (left) Projection of the two independent cations of [Fe(C6–trenH)]2+ with atom numbering scheme (15...
Figure 35: (a) χMT versus T for [Fe(C16-trenH)]Cl2·0.5H2O and variation of the distance d with temperature (T)...
Figure 36: Schematic illustration of the structure of compounds [Fe(Cn-tba)3]X2 adopting a columnar mesophase ...
Figure 37: Temperature dependence of the magnetic moment (M) at 1000 Oe and DSC profiles (inset; 5 °C/min) of ...
Figure 38: Porous structure of the SCO-PMOFs {Fe(pz)[M(II)(CN)4]} (left), representation of the host–guest int...
Figure 39: Porous structure of the guest-free SCO-PMOF’s {Fe(pz)[M(II)(CN)4]} (left), magnetic properties of t...
Figure 40: (left) The 3D porous structure of {Fe(pz)[Pt(CN)4]}·0.5(CS(NH2)2) (1) and {Fe(pz)[Pd(CN)4]}·1.5H2O·...
Figure 41: Top: The 3D porous structure of {Fe(dpe)[Pt(CN)4]}·phenazine in a direction close to [101] emphasiz...
Figure 42: View of the segregated stacking of [Ni(dmit)2]− and [Fe(sal2-trien)]+ in [Fe(qsal)2][Ni(dmit)2]3·CH3...
Figure 43: Thin films based on Fe(III) compounds coordinated to Terthienyl-substituted QsalH ligands [434] together...
Figure 44: Left: Temperature-dependent emission spectra for [Fe2(Hsaltrz)5(NCS)4]·4MeOH at λex = 350 nm over t...
Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles
- Ângelo M. L. Denadai,
- Frederico B. De Sousa,
- Joel J. Passos,
- Fernando C. Guatimosim,
- Kirla D. Barbosa,
- Ana E. Burgos,
- Fernando Castro de Oliveira,
- Jeann C. da Silva,
- Bernardo R. A. Neves,
- Nelcy D. S. Mohallem and
- Rubén D. Sinisterra
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1867–1876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.215
- solutions, described previously [4]. Thus, the inclusion of βCD in the inorganic matrix increased the ion adsorption, demonstrating the importance of choosing the organic component in a hybrid material carefully. Fe-Ni/Zn adsorption capacity for the Cr3+ cation was similar to that observed when βCD was used
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: AFM images of (a) Fe-Ni/Zn and (b) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD.
Figure 2: TEM images of (a) Fe-Ni/Zn and (b) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD and SEM images of (c) Fe-Ni/Zn and (d) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD....
Figure 3: DLS measurements for before (a) and (b) and after (c) and (d) the sonication process.
Figure 4: Potentiometric curves of the (a) Fe-Ni/Zn and (b) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD.
Figure 5: Zeta potential curves as a function of pH for the (○) Fe-Ni/Zn and (▲) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD.
Figure 6: Relative optical obscuration (Ob/Ob,0) as a function of time for (a) Fe-Ni/Zn and (b) Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD.
Figure 7: Obscuration curves for the Fe-Ni/Zn (○) and Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD (▲) as a function of pH.
Figure 8: Adsorption curves of (a) Cr3+ and (b) Cr2O72− ions using Fe-Ni/Zn and Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD aqueous suspensi...
Chromo- and fluorophoric water-soluble polymers and silica particles by nucleophilic substitution reaction of poly(vinyl amine)
- Katja Hofmann,
- Ingolf Kahle,
- Frank Simon and
- Stefan Spange
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 79, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.79
- chain. The synthesis was achieved by two different approaches. The first method included the use of β-DMCD to render 1 compatible to PVAm dissolved in water. The SNArH reaction between the two reactants was carried out in homogeneous phase. The second approach was to synthesize a hybrid material by the
- individual polymer chains, resulting in a decreased glass transition temperature. Synthesis and characterization of the hybrid material As can be seen from Scheme 3, carbonitrile 1 was adsorbed from its dichloromethane solution onto carefully dried silica particles (Kieselgel 60, Merck). The 1-loaded silica
- peak C. The area of component peak C is ca. 4.9% of the C 1s area. As noted above, the amino groups of the PVAm polymer can be protonated by hydronium ions. In Figure 2b the N 1s high-resolution spectrum of the PVAm/silica hybrid material shows such protonated amino groups (component peak G), clearly
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of carbonitrile 1.
Scheme 2: Coupling of the β-DMCD-caged carbonitrile derivative 1-DMCD with PVAm to yield the fluorophore-func...
Figure 1: Solid state 13C-{1H}-CP-MAS NMR spectra of pure PVAm (a), functionalized PVAm 1-P (b) and the model...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of 1-Si by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 1 adsorbed onto silica particles.
Figure 2: Wide-scan X-ray photoelectron spectra (left), C 1s and N 1s high-resolution spectra (right) of bare...
Figure 3: Pore-size distribution of bare silica, PVAm/silica and 1-Si.
Figure 4: UV–vis absorption and emission diffuse reflectance spectra of sample 1-Si.
Figure 5: Normalized absorption and emission spectra of 1-M (a) and 1-P (b).
Figure 6: Normalized emission spectra of 1-P in water at four different pH values and a sketch of the assumed...
